WHO Economics of the health implications of waste management in the context of a circular economy.
World Health Organisation (WHO) Regional Office for Europe 2023: "The world is at a crossroads. For decades, economies have relied on the linear model to “take, make, and dispose”; a circular economy is slowly emerging, which looks to “renew, remake, and share” instead. Moving toward a circular economy requires a fundamental rethinking of waste management practices and how they can affect health and well-being. This report analyzes assessment of economic benefits of the health outcomes from better waste management,and discusses approaches for assessing health impacts and their economic consequences in decision-making for a zero-pollution future based on the principles of a circular economy and sustainable waste management. Transformation to more sustainable waste management with low health risks entails substantial economic costs: in remediation of historic waste deposit sites, investment in purchasing and maintaining modern technologies for waste burning, and promoting job switc...